When recording multiple vocalists at once, the choice of mic placement will depend on the size of the group, the style of music, and how the track will be used.

For small groups of 2–4 vocalists, often a single large-diaphragm condenser mic placed 3–4′ from the vocalists can be enough to mic the group (see Fig. 129). The group should stand in a semi-circle around the microphone. If the group is experienced, they should have no problem self-mixing to make sure no individual is overpowering the group. Experimenting with mic distance will allow control of the amount of presence in the track.

For larger groups and choral ensembles, stereo miking is often a good option. Techniques such as X-Y, ORTF, and the Decca Tree can be used. These techniques are all explained in the Stereo Miking Techniques section of the Encyclopedia of Home Recording.

In some cases, miking each vocalist or each vocal section, if it is a larger group, separately can provide more versatility during mixdown.

Common practice for miking a single vocalist is to use a wide-diaphragm condenser mic with a cardioid pickup pattern. The mic is placed approximately 6″ from the singer and slightly above the vocalist’s mouth (see Fig. 128). The distance can be adjusted to alter the tone, moving the mic farther away to reduce bass response and closer to add bass.

Some engineers will use a dynamic microphone for certain vocalists or musical styles to get a more direct, punchy sound. Usually a closer mic distance is appropriate in these situations.